traditional waterfall approach of tossing work “over the fence” from one person to another fails to produce at scale. Instead, it creates a toxic culture in which employees are often inefficient, finding themselves at odds with one another and frequently putting out fires. DevOps promotes breaking down walls and organizational silos so that people can collaborate effectively, and it places a premium on creating reliable, automated tools to streamline efficiency. Through our research, we learned that the software tools used and created to “practice” DevOps are also a reflection of a deeper commitment to place people first. This research insight was best expressed by Ken, a seasoned software engineer and lead developer at Rackspace, who said that “deep down, software is about people and relationships and how things fit together, not just about the code you provide. DevOps is more about good culture than about your toolset.”

Often, a software tool or process is introduced to fix or address a problem, while the underlying broken work culture stays the same. As Ken pointed out, “People problems become real technical problems.” The solution is a strong culture of collaboration, in which tools support people by integrating communication and streamlining the exchange of work with their colleagues. In our research, successful organizations established a supportive culture with buy-in from employees in leadership roles. Large organizations especially needed leaders who rejected pointing fingers and supported innovation. This is by no means an easy thing to do. Organizational culture can take years to change, and in many cases companies need to start small and implement by example. That said, it often takes just one team to demonstrate a successful approach before others start wanting to adopt it.

In addition to a focus on culture, an organization must foster technology as a core capability that enables the business to constantly improve. According to the authors of “The Phoenix Project: A Novel about IT, DevOps, and Helping Your Business Win,” companies must also manage technical debt that “comes from taking shortcuts, which may make sense in the short-term. But like financial debt, the compounding interest costs grow over time.” The authors go on to say, “If an organization doesn’t pay down its technical debt, every calorie in the organization can be spent just paying interest, in the form of unplanned work (i.e., fighting fires).” Managing dysfunctional or out-of-date tools is critical, but businesses cannot expect years of poorly patched software to go away overnight. The debt accumulated has to be paid down over time, through appropriate investment in people, time, and culture.

An engineer we spoke to in the course of our research told us that DevOps was “an inability to leave things broken.” It is time for companies to start finding the broken elements within their organizational cultures and technology systems and begin developing a people-first mentality as they pursue solutions. Instead of constantly fighting inefficiency fires in a reactive manner, organizational leaders and managers need to think proactively: to step back, turn around, and develop a new path into the future.

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